Preparation Manual: Section 4: Sample Selected-Response Questions

Section 4: Sample Selected-Response Questions
Technology Applications EC–12 (242)

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This section presents some sample exam questions for you to review as part of your preparation for the exam. To demonstrate how each competency may be assessed, sample questions are accompanied by the competency that they measure. While studying, you may wish to read the competency before and after you consider each sample question. Please note that the competency statements do not appear on the actual exam.

For each sample exam question, there is a correct answer and a rationale for each answer option. The sample questions are included to illustrate the formats and types of questions you will see on the exam; however, your performance on the sample questions should not be viewed as a predictor of your performance on the actual exam.

Domain I—Technology Applications Core

Competency 001—The Technology Applications teacher knows technology terminology and concepts; the appropriate use of hardware, software and digital files; and how to acquire, analyze and evaluate digital information.

1. Which of the following types of networks allows parents to register for accounts to view their child’s grades on the school district Web site?

Router
Server
Intranet
Extranet

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because the extranet allows controlled access from outside parties to information in secured networks. Option A is incorrect because a router is only physical device that connects devices to a network. Option B is incorrect because a server only stores data for quick access. Option C is incorrect because an intranet is designed for internal communications and is only accessible by an organization's authorized members.

2. While researching the origins of a community, a student discovers a conflict when comparing data obtained from different sources. Which of the following sources is considered the most reliable?

An editorial commemorating the hundredth anniversary of the community's founding
Famous anecdotes in pamphlet distributed by the local chamber of commerce
Published letters written by one of the community's original settlers
A recent biography of the life of the individual credited with founding the community

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because letters from the time being researched qualify as a primary resource and are considered reliable. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because an editorial, anecdotes, and a recently published biography would be considered secondary sources and therefore less reliable than a primary source, and they could possibly be biased.

3. Which of the following scenarios describes an ethical acquisition and acceptable use of multimedia?

Creating a file-sharing service for movies that have been copied from purchased DVDs
Creating a musical composition by combining parts of eighteenth-century folk songs
Posting a video online that uses a current hit song for background music
Using highlights from a televised athletic event to sell sportswear

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because the music from eighteenth-century folk songs would be in the public domain. Option A is incorrect because file-sharing movies would interfere with the copyright owner's right to distribute and benefit from their sale. Options C and D are incorrect because both describe situations that interfere with the copyright owner's right to publicly display, perform, or distribute the multimedia.

4. Which TWO of the following activities are examples of using audio, video, or digital sources to solve an authentic problem?

Collecting and analyzing data from a database to identify areas of critical need for a water project
Preparing a video to dramatize the life cycle of a butterfly as described in a textbook
Summarizing electronic book information provided about the Amazon rain forest
Using an online archive of photographs to generate questions about life during the Great Depression
Watching current travel videos of historical locations throughout the United States

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because collecting and analyzing data to identify areas of critical need is consistent with research of an authentic problem. Option D is correct because generating questions from a digital resource such as the one described is an activity associated with authentic problem solving. Option B is incorrect because preparing a video based on information from a textbook does not require the degree of research associated with an authentic problem. Option C is incorrect because summarizing a source does not provide in and of itself the original thinking required for an authentic problem. Option E is incorrect because watching travel videos does not in and of itself provide the rigor necessary for an authentic problem.

Competency 002—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to use technology tools to solve problems, evaluate results and communicate information in a variety of formats for diverse audiences.

5. A formula in a spreadsheet is copied from cell B1 to cell C2.

If the original formula is =$A2, which of the following best represents the resulting formula?

=A2
=B1
=$A3
=$B2

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because when a formula is copied to another row with a dollar sign in front of the column letter, the cell address updates only by the row number. The dollar sign acts as an anchor to the row number or column letter that it is in front of when you copy the formula or cell address to another cell. Option A is incorrect because a formula with an anchoring dollar sign always presents with a dollar sign in its placement when it is copied. Option B is incorrect because the address of the cell is not what is being copied. Option D is incorrect because the dollar sign in front of a column label protects that value in the formula from changing.

6. To effectively evaluate student presentations created at the conclusion of a social studies unit project, it is most important for a teacher to use a rubric to evaluate the

special effects and the flashiness of the finished products.
content learned and the effectiveness of the presentations.
level of participation and contribution during the project.
abilities and skills in using the presentation software.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because the most important part of the student's presentation is its content; multimedia projects in education are all about showing the depth of knowledge acquired. The second most important aspect is the effectiveness of the presentation and the skill of the presenters. Option A is incorrect because the presentation should be evaluated on what the students learned and how they presented/communicated it, not how well they can use the special effects. Option C is incorrect because participation and contribution levels don't assess what the student has learned. Option D is incorrect because the presentation is evaluated on what the students learned and not how well they used the presentation software.

Competency 003—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to plan, organize, deliver and evaluate instruction that effectively utilizes current technology for teaching the Technology Applications Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for all students.

7. Which of the following graphic organizers should a student create electronically to best clarify the sequence of events in a movie script?

Storyboard
Venn diagram
Story map
T-chart

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because a storyboard is a sequence of pictures representing events in a story or movie. Option B is incorrect because a Venn diagram is best used for comparisons. Option C is incorrect because a story map is best used for identifying characters, setting and other parts of a story. Option D is incorrect because a t-chart is used to examine two facets of an object, situation or event and to make comparisons related to a variety of subject and content areas.

8. A technology applications teacher is preparing a class to begin work on a group project. Which of the following strategies is most effective in facilitating collaboration and teamwork among group members?

Separating girls and boys into different groups
Limiting each group to three members
Emphasizing group harmony as the most important goal
Modifying group norms as the situation requires

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because flexible group norms should be established so that the groups do not become rigid and intolerant or develop sub-groups. Option A is incorrect because the best groups have an equal number of boys and girls. Option B is incorrect because groups should be midsized. Small groups of three or less lack enough diversity and may not allow divergent thinking to occur. A moderate size group of four to five is ideal. Option C is incorrect because group harmony can override the necessity for more critical perspectives.

9. Which of the following is the most important for a teacher to consider when designing assessment methods to evaluate a student portfolio?

The arrangement of items included in the portfolio
The intended audience for the portfolio
The recommended timeline for selecting material to include
The scoring criteria for the learning objective

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because scoring criteria and an associated system must be established to ensure that evaluation is conducted as objectively as possible. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they only indirectly affect the evaluation of a student portfolio as it relates to the learning objectives.

10. Which of the following tools will best guide students through effectively completing a final product?

Project rubric
Project supplies
Project calendar
Project checklist

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because a rubric has all the expectations for the final outcome of the project. Option B is incorrect because the supplies do not affect the entire process of the project. Option C is incorrect because a project's requirements and expectations can be met without a calendar. Option D is incorrect because it only provides a list of tasks and not specific expectations.

11. A teacher instructs students on how to safely research information on the Internet, participate in electronic discussions, follow accepted practices (e.g., netiquette), and use approved passwords to access information resources. The teacher primarily understands the importance of implementing which of the following objectives of information literacy?

Students comprehend the legal and social implications of using information.
Students use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
Students evaluate information and its sources critically.
Students retrieve information effectively and efficiently.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because netiquette refers to proper use of Internet and this falls under the economic, legal, and social issues of uses of information. Option B is incorrect because rules and regulations for Internet research have nothing to do with using information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose. Option C is incorrect because rules and netiquette do not fall under the category of selecting information and adding it to one's knowledge base and value system. Option D is incorrect because ethical rules and netiquette do not fall under the category of accessing information or retrieval.

12. Which of the following is the best way to maintain up-to-date technology use in the classroom?

Reading a book on how to use tablets to integrate technology
Writing a blog about implementing technology in the classroom
Searching the Internet for the latest educational technology trends
Reading the user manuals for new technology equipment on campus

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because the Internet provides many resources to help a teacher keep up with current technology information. Exploring and making the effort to educate oneself and staying informed is key. Option A is incorrect because reading a book on how to use tablets to integrate technology does not ensure knowledge of technology as a whole. Option B is incorrect because writing a blog does not necessarily help a teacher to maintain knowledge of current technology. Option D is incorrect because reading the user manuals for all new equipment is not feasible. There are many software programs and instructional technologies on the Internet that can be implemented without the use of new equipment.

Domain II—Digital Art and Animation

Competency 004—The Technology Applications teacher demonstrates knowledge of the principles and elements of design and their application to digital art and animation.

13. The primary purpose of the rule of thirds is to

frame a subject in a photograph.
create leading lines within a photograph.
change the lighting conditions for a photograph.
produce a balanced photograph.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because the rule of thirds is about balancing a composition properly. Option A is incorrect because framing deals with depth, scale, and distance in a composition. Option B is incorrect because lines provide movement, speed, and sometimes drama in a composition. Option C is incorrect because lighting is used to change the appearance of a subject.

14. Which of the following color modes is best to use to print a poster at a professional printer?

CMYK
RGB
Indexed
Lab

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because CMYK color is used by professional printers and publishing houses. Option B is incorrect because RGB color is used by monitors and displays. Option C is incorrect because indexed color is used to limit the number of colors used. Option D is incorrect because lab color is used to print standard photographs.

15. Which of the following color mixing models provides the simplest tools for adjusting the tone of a particular color?

Red, yellow, blue (RYB)
Cyan, magenta, yellow, black (CMYK)
Hue, saturation, brightness (HSB)
Red, green, blue (RGB)

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because adjusting the brightness or darkness (light or dark tone) of a particular color using the HSB model is simply a matter of using the brightness slider. Option A is incorrect because RYB is not a commonly accepted model—especially when considering digital products. Option B is incorrect because CMYK, the printing color model, has difficulties similar to the RGB model—all the sliders have to be moved in order to find a darker tone of the same color. Option D is incorrect because with the RGB model, all the sliders have to be moved in order to find a darker tone of the same color.

16. Which of the following terms refers to the tonal value of a graphic?

Resolution
Pixel
Luminosity
Opacity

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because opacity is the degree of color or tonal value of an image. Option A is incorrect because resolution involves how sharp graphics look based on pixels. Option B is incorrect because a pixel is the smallest part of a picture. Option C is incorrect because luminosity pertains to the brightness of an area.

17. According to the twelve principles of animation, which of the following statements best describes the concept of arc?

Characters must be propelled into action via a story plot.
Audiences prefer smooth, curved lines to harsh corners and straight lines.
Motion typically occurs along a natural and realistic trajectory.
Natural motion tends to accelerate and decelerate at its start and end.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because the term arc refers to the natural motion of objects in animation, often following a parabolic trajectory. Option A is incorrect because the twelve principles of animation do not address story or plot. Option B is incorrect because basic pictorial elements of design are not featured in the twelve principles of animation. Option D is incorrect because it refers to a different principle of animation often referred to as "slow in and slow out."

Competency 005—The Technology Applications teacher demonstrates knowledge of principles of typography, modeling and page layout using appropriate graphic tools to create a variety of products.

18. High school journalism students are planning an online school newspaper. To establish consistent guidelines for using fonts, font styles, and paragraph alignment, the students should develop

a grid layout.
a master template.
page specifications.
style sheets.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because style sheets preserve uniformity in the use of fonts, font styles, font color, paragraph alignment and indents, leading, and hyphenation throughout a document. Option A is incorrect because a grid layout will not maintain consistency in the use of fonts, font styles, and paragraph alignment; it is used to plan placement of text, graphics, and white space. Option B is incorrect because the master template is used as a starting point for each new document—style sheets can be associated with but are not the same as a master template. Option C is incorrect because page specifications are usually included as part of the master template.

19. Which of the following criteria is most important for a teacher to consider when preparing a school's newsletter for the community?

Using several columns on the same page to make it easier to read
Choosing a background color that is similar to the font color
Removing the margins to easily add the page number in the header
Arranging the photos to be right aligned for neatness

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because multiple columns are used for neatness, organization, and better appearance. Option B is incorrect because matching both colors makes the font unreadable. Option C is incorrect because setting the margins to 0 affects the printed document. Option D is incorrect because newsletter alignment is either left aligned, center aligned, or justified.

20. When creating a 3-D object, an important reason to look at different perspectives is to

see the vanishing point at eye level.
ensure all sides are completely created.
make sure the object is symmetrical.
create an isometric projection.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because in a 3-D environment you must look at all perspectives of your object to ensure that you have created your object in 3-D and that all the parts are in place. Option A is incorrect because the vanishing point at eye level is only one view; when working in 3-D you must look at all views. Option C is incorrect because symmetry refers to the shape of the object and not the view or perspective. Option D is incorrect because an isometric projection is a 2-D drawing for technical and engineering purposes. Isometric projections show one perspective of an object, and designs are always drawn at 30-degree angles.

Competency 006—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to use graphics, animation and page design to produce products that convey a specified message to an intended audience.

21. A student inserts a bitmap image into a Web page. When the page is uploaded, the image looks blocky and the quality is poor.

Which of the following causes pixilation of this kind?

The image was saved at 48 bits instead of 16 bits.
The student did not rasterize the image.
The student did not compress the image.
The image was saved at too low a resolution.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because bitmap images are resolution dependent, and pixilation occurs when the resolution of the image is too low. Option A is incorrect because saving at 48 bits would increase the resolution of the bitmap image. Option B is incorrect because rasterizing means converting a vector graphic to a bitmap format. Option C is incorrect because compressing a file is used to make file sizes smaller, not to improve image quality.

22. Bitmapped images are preferable to vector images for

creating logos and illustrations.
editing digital photographs.
making videos and animation.
enlarging digital photographs.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because photo editing requires a bitmap image; a vector image cannot be edited until it is converted into a bitmap image. Option A is incorrect because vector graphics are used to make logos and other images that need to be enlarged or reduced without reducing picture quality. Option C is incorrect because videos and animation must be vector graphics so they can be viewed and adjusted to any size. Option D is incorrect because bitmap images lose their resolution, as they get bigger.

23. Which of the following phrases describes an alley in desktop publishing?

The width of the margin
The space between columns
The space between paragraphs
The width of the columns

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because the alley is placed between columns to create white space. Option A is incorrect because in desktop publishing, the term alley refers to the space between the columns, not the width of the margins. Option C is incorrect because in desktop publishing, the term alley refers to the space between the columns, not between paragraphs. Option D is incorrect because in desktop publishing, the term alley refers to the space between the columns, not their width.

24. A teacher wants to print single-sided, numbered student packets. Which of the following print settings is best to use?

Tile
Booklet
Collate
Duplex

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because a collated print option allows for prints to come out in sequential order. Option A is incorrect because tiling setting is for piecing multiple sheets of paper edges to create one complete document. Option B is incorrect because in booklet printing, pages are printed on both sides and pages are not in numerical order and require additional binding to maintain sequential order. Option D is incorrect because duplexed printouts print on both sides.

25. A teacher is preparing a lesson to instruct students how to edit photographs for publication on the Web and in print. Which of the following principles should the teacher primarily emphasize?

Printed photographs require higher resolution than Web photographs do.
Web photographs need to use CMYK color, but printed photographs can use RGB.
Printed photographs should be JPEGs, while Web photographs must be GIFs.
Web photographs should be saved as bitmap images, but printed photographs should be saved as vectors.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because a quality printed image needs a ppi (pixels per inch) resolution of 180–300, while Web images viewed on a monitor look fine at 72 ppi. Option B is incorrect because CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) is a subtractive color model used in printing. RGB is an additive color model used by combining light, as in computer monitors. Option C is incorrect because GIF supports a limited number of colors; JPEG is the preferred format for photographs. Option D is incorrect because photographs are made of pixels, which by definition makes them bitmap rather than vector images.

26. Environment mapping is most effective for creating a realistic image of which of the following objects?

Cotton towel
Glass mirror
Stone vase
Wooden shelf

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because a mirror is reflective and would be most realistically represented using a texture that has stored the image of the environment surrounding the rendered object. Options A, C and D are incorrect because those materials are not a reflective.

Domain III—Digital Communications and Multimedia

Competency 007—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to produce and distribute digital video and multimedia products.

27. Which of the following production crew members is responsible for securing funding, creating a vision, and having a strong understanding of business in terms of finance and legal obligations?

Digital producer
Producer
Director
Executive producer

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because the role of the executive producer is to secure funding and organize marketing strategies to ensure that the project will be popular, because the executive producer is ultimately held responsible for the success or failure of the project. Executive producers must have creativity and vision to be able to recognize good ideas that will be commercially successful, and they must also have a strong understanding of business in terms of finance and legal obligations. Option A is incorrect because the digital producer is responsible for producing film, video, and digital media and ensuring that proposed campaigns can be delivered on time and on budget. Option B is incorrect because the producer works on the production for the entire process, from the initial concept right through to marketing and distribution. The producer is vital to the success of the final piece, as he or she oversees every aspect of production. Producers hire key members of the production team and approve locations, schedules, budgets, and scripts. Option C is incorrect because the director is responsible for the creative vision. Directors write or study scripts and decide how best to interpret them. Directors must have a strong understanding of all areas of the production, from the initial concept right through to the edit.

28. Issues related to locations, scenes, equipment, and people are primarily addressed during which of the following stages of preproduction?

Audience definition
Budget development
Production scheduling
Video scripting

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because the production schedule helps keep track of location, scene, shots, the equipment and people needed, as well as all contact information, dates, and times. Option A is incorrect because defining the audience is one of the first steps in preproduction and does not address issues about locations, scenes, equipment, or people. Option B is incorrect because budget development determines what can be afforded but other issues that arise about locations, scenes, equipment, or people are not addressed. Option D is incorrect because the video script shows the relationship between the characters and the action and does not address issues that arise from locations, scenes, equipment, or people.

29. When streaming media, the network chosen for content delivery should primarily have

balanced loads.
consolidated caches.
isolated networks.
minimized bandwidths.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because a content delivery network should balance loads to alleviate problems associated with excess traffic. Option B is incorrect because replicating caches, not consolidating, is a strategy used to offer what the industry calls fast and reliable distribution of content. Option C is incorrect because integrated networks are necessary for improving accessibility and maintaining correctness through content replication, not isolated networks. Option D is incorrect because bandwidths should be maximized for improving network performance.

30. In two sequential medium shots, the director of photography frames a man and a woman having a conversation. In the first shot, the man is seen on the left side of the composition, and the woman is seen on the right side. The second shot continues the action; however, the man is now on the right side of the composition, and the woman is on the left.

The director of photography has broken which of the following rules of continuity?

Crossing the action axis
Shooting the reverse angle
Maintaining screen direction
Cheating the actors

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because crossing the action axis from the first shot to the second shot confuses the audience because the characters jump from one side of the composition to the opposite side. Option B is incorrect because although a reverse angle is an example of crossing the action axis, it requires the addition of a new action or entry of a new character. Option C is incorrect because maintaining screen direction requires the camera to produce a static, definitively bounded frame of reference: everything is viewed as if it were happening on a proscenium stage. Option D is incorrect because cheating the actors requires moving the actors slightly closer to or farther away from the camera to create a believable answering shot (the second pairing shot to complete the first shot); however, the view of any background must be minimal for the cheat to work.

31. Which of the following camera angles is most effective for making a subject appear large and imposing?

Bird's eye
Worm's eye
Close-up
Oblique

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because a worm's-eye view, a low camera angle, will make the subject appear bigger. Option A is incorrect because a bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object from above and makes large items seem smaller. Option C is incorrect because a close-up is used to accent the subject's facial expression or to highlight a visual detail, leaving the background out of focus. Option D is incorrect because an oblique camera angle would be used to show instability or disorientation.

Competency 008—The Technology Applications teacher demonstrates knowledge of current practice, future trends and procedural protocols in the use of audio/video and digital publications.

32. For a multimedia production, students wish to import a graphic that fades from 100% opaque to 100% transparent. Which of the following file formats best supports this type of varying transparency?

GIF
JPEG
PNG
BMP

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because like GIFs, PNG file formats support transparency, but they also support variable transparency, which allows users to control the degree to which an image is transparent. Option A is incorrect because although GIF files do support transparency, they do not support alpha channels; therefore, the transparency cannot be varied. Option B is incorrect because JPEG files do not support transparency. Option D is incorrect because BMP files are large; also, the format does not support transparency and is somewhat antiquated.

33. At which of the following points in a recording should an audio file be cut to best prevent pops and clicks when two regions in the file are joined?

Where the waveform's amplitude is above 10dB
At a zero crossing where the waveform's amplitude equals 0dB
Where the waveform's amplitude is less than -10dB
At any point where the waveform's amplitude is plus or minus 2dB

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because when the beginning or ending of a cut does not correspond to a zero crossing, a discontinuity in the waveform amplitude will likely occur. This provokes glitches, pops, or click sounds. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because clicks can occur if the audio is cut at a point above or below zero dB.

34. A student wishes to replace one scene in a video with another that will run longer. If the student is using linear editing, which of the following approaches is uniquely required?

Adding transitions between the previous material and the new clip
Copying the longer clip onto the student's computer hard drive
Rebuilding the video from the edited clip to the end of the video
Using drag and drop to replace the original clip

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because in linear editing the only way to fix the problem of a new clip covering up some of the next scene on the tape is to rebuild the video from that edit to the end. Option A is incorrect because transitions are not unique to either linear or nonlinear editing. Option B is incorrect because copying the longer clip onto the hard drive is not a unique requirement to linear editing; however, it is required for most nonlinear editing. Option D is incorrect because drag and drop is a feature of nonlinear editing and is not unique to linear editing.

35. Which of the following sample rates is sufficient to produce an audio file for a standard DVD?

11,025 Hz
22,050 Hz
48,000 Hz
96,000 Hz

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because a sample rate of 48,000 Hz is of sufficient quality to produce an audio file for a standard DVD. Option A is incorrect because it will not result in an audio file of sufficient quality for a standard DVD; instead, it would be appropriate for low-end multimedia like AM radio. Option B is incorrect because it will not result in an audio file of sufficient quality for a standard DVD; instead, it would be appropriate for high-end multimedia like FM radio. Option D is incorrect because it will result in an audio file of higher quality than needed for a standard DVD; instead, it would be appropriate for a Blu-ray.

Competency 009—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to design, produce and distribute multimedia products.

36. Which of the following Creative Commons licenses allows redistribution as long as the work is passed along intact with credit given to the license holder?

CC Attribution-NoDerivs
CC Attribution-NonCommercial
CC Attribution-ShareAlike
CC0 Public Domain Dedication

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because the CC Attribution-NoDerivs license allows for redistribution as long as it passed along unchanged and is whole with credit to the license holder. Option B is incorrect because the CC Attribution-NonCommercial license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work noncommercially although the new works must also acknowledge the originator and be noncommercial, thus retaining some rights for the holder of the copyright. Option C is incorrect because the CC Attribution-ShareAlike license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit creator and license their new creations under the identical terms, thus retaining some rights for the holder of the copyright. Option D is incorrect because the CC0 Public Domain Dedication license waives all copyright and related rights to a work to the extent possible under the law.

37. Which of the following digital tools has the greatest impact on society as a driving force for positive community action?

e-book
Meme
Mobile computing
Social media

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option D is correct because publishing on social media has resulted in individuals becoming more engaged in social causes as indicated by the increased level of action such as giving or volunteering. Option A is incorrect because e-books do not necessarily result in reader engagement and do not provide a direct link to tools, which allow the reader to become more involved. Option B is incorrect because though memes may represent a social cause and provoke interest, they do not necessarily result in other positive action such as donations. Option C is incorrect because mobile computing does not necessarily connect the user to a cause in a manner that results in a positive action.

38. Which of the following is the first step a teacher should take when planning a Web site for the class?

Determining the target audience for the Web site
Determining the purpose and goal of the Web site
Deciding upon the color scheme and layout of the Web site
Deciding upon a markup language to create the content of the Web site

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because the purpose and goal will dictate the design and color scheme used to reach the targeted audience. Option A is incorrect because the teacher already knows the audience—students—and the goal is to build the site according to their needs. Option C is incorrect because the color scheme and layout depend on what the purpose of the Web site is and who the target audience is. Option D is incorrect because the markup language will be used to implement the design after the goal of the site has been determined.

Domain IV—Web Design

Competency 010—The Technology Applications teacher demonstrates knowledge of strategies and techniques for website administration.

39. Which of the following describes the primary function of a DNS server?

It provides resolution of host names to IP addresses.
It provides security for a network with the use of control lists.
It secures network traffic through shared key encryption.
It secures client access through log in and authentication.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because the domain name system (DNS) is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember. The Internet, however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, therefore, the domain name system must translate the name into the corresponding IP address. Option B is incorrect because the domain name (DNS) was originally designed as an open protocol and is therefore vulnerable to attackers. The domain name system has no built-in security measures. Option C is incorrect because the domain name system security extensions (DNSSEC) provide authentication through the use of digital signature schemes based on public key cryptography. The DNS server will not trust requests from third-party resolvers serving hidden name servers because the resolvers cannot decrypt the packet and therefore this would disrupt the DNS function. Option D is incorrect because the domain name system security extensions (DNSSEC) are a set of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards created to address vulnerabilities in the domain name system (DNS) and protect it from online threats. DNSSEC adds authentication to DNS to make the system more secure. The DNS server alone cannot perform this function.

40. A teacher is required to take daily attendance using the district's secure site. On which of the following types of network is the site most likely located?

Internet
Intranet
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because it is the only choice that provides the security required for a school's attendance site. Option A is incorrect because a site on the Internet is accessible to anyone who knows the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or Web address. Option C is incorrect because LANs do not generally provide the level of security needed for the described system. Option D is incorrect because WANs do not provide the level of security needed for the described system.

41. Which of the following descriptions best illustrates a typical intranet network structure used by many school districts?

A worldwide connection of networks that is accessible to the district faculty, staff, students, and parents from any location with Internet access
A private network that uses World Wide Web communication standards but is not connected to the Web and is accessible only to on-site staff
A private network that utilizes the communication standards and some resources of the World Wide Web, with specific parts of the network accessible outside the network
A network connection of computers with common print and file servers for printing and sharing documents among staff on the network

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because an intranet is an internal network cut off from the World Wide Web that uses WWW standards of communication. Option A is incorrect because the network being described is the Internet. Option C is incorrect because the network structure being described is an extranet, in which parts of the intranet are accessible from outside the network. Option D is incorrect because it describes a typical local area network (LAN) setup, which does not use the World Wide Web standard of communication.

42. Which of the following approaches is the most effective way to protect a Web server from unauthorized use?

Applying the latest security patches available for Web server software
Including any software modules that might be required in the future
Using full-privilege accounts such as "root" or "SYSTEM"
Giving Web server software write-access rights to files being served to users

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because the latest security patches available for Web server software should be applied to best protect a Web server from unauthorized use. Option B is incorrect because only the modules actually needed should be installed to avoid possible security issues in unused modules. Option C is incorrect because Web server processes should only be run for appropriate privilege accounts—allowing processes to unnecessarily use privileged accounts makes a Web server vulnerable to attack. Option D is incorrect because Web server software should have read-only access rights to files being served to users—not write access.

Competency 011—The Technology Applications teacher knows principles of Web design and implements a variety of tools and techniques to create and troubleshoot Web pages for a diverse audience.

43. During a unit on Web design, a class analyzes games on the Internet. The students discuss various video game perspectives. The best perspective to use when designing a driving game is

first person.
second person.
third person.
multiplayer.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because first person would allow the player to view the game through the windshield of the car. The driver would be able to see everything around him or her and control all turns of the vehicle, giving the player a more realistic game play. When the driver moves, everything in the scene must move along with him or her. Option B is incorrect because second person is when the player sees the game as the opponent. Option C is incorrect because third person is as if the player were standing on the sidelines as a spectator watching. The player would have no control. Option D is incorrect because multiplayer is a type of game and not a perspective.

44. A GIF logo displayed on an image-based background exhibits a halo effect. Changing the logo to a PNG format will make it possible to adjust which of the following characteristics to correct the problem?

Antialiasing
Opacity
Rasterization
Transparency

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because altering an image's opacity, which is possible with PNG formats but not with GIF formats, allows the image to be properly layered over various backgrounds. Option A is incorrect because antialiasing is available with both GIF and PNG formats and is not sufficient to allow the GIF image to blend on the described background. Option C is incorrect because rasterization is the process of converting an image to a bitmapped (raster) image, which includes processing compatibility such as antialiasing. Option D is incorrect because GIF transparency requires exact color matching, which limits portability and is not suitable for an image-based background.

45. Which THREE of the following are guidelines for Web design that should be used when adding graphics to Web pages?

Use minimal contrast between text and background colors.
Ensure that graphics are consistent with the purpose, organization, and style of the page.
Make sure the layout follows the rule of thirds.
Reduce the size of graphics files.
Avoid repeating overly bright images.

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option B is correct because graphics should fit with the purpose, organization, and style of the page, enhancing the design, structure, or informative content of the Web page without causing distraction. Option D is correct because a graphic with a very large file size will take too long to load, causing viewers to leave the page. Option E is correct because repetitive use of overly bright or obnoxious images can cause viewers to lose patience with the site. Option A is incorrect because there should be sufficient contrast between the text and background color so the text on the graphic is readable. Option C is incorrect because the rule of thirds applies to picture composition, not Web design.

46. Which of the following is the most accepted ratio of text to white space to provide optimum readability?

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because for optimum readability, a commonly accepted ratio of white space to text on a page is 1:1. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they are not the recommended ratios and have too much white space.

47. A Web site designer wishes to include a mechanism on a Web site's enrollment page to determine whether a human is attempting to enter the required information. To make the mechanism accessible for the visually impaired, which of the following should the designer use?

Audio files describing text
Images containing text
Text describing images
Videos depicting text

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because an audio file allows the visually impaired users to identify what they hear instead of what they cannot see. Option B is incorrect because the visually impaired users will have difficulty identifying any image that they can't see. Option C is incorrect because any text representation that would make the information available for the visually impaired users would also make it available for an automated program – a bot. Option D is incorrect because a video depicting text will be as difficult to distinguish for the visually impaired users as an image.

Competency 012—The Technology Applications teacher knows how to use Web pages to communicate and interact effectively with others.

48. Which of the following formatting devices allows Web visitors to easily scan and locate information on a Web page?

Graphics
Web-safe colors
Links
Cascading Style Sheets

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because links, coupled with bolded headings/subheadings, make the Web page more scannable and easier for users to review the page in order to get an idea of what the page is about. Option A is incorrect because graphics are helpful and nice to have on any site, but they do not make information more scannable. Option B is incorrect because the purpose of Web safe colors is that they are at least somewhat predictable across the various hardware and software platforms. They have nothing to do with making a Web page more scannable. Option D is incorrect because CSS was created by Web developers to define the look and feel of their Web pages. Developers were then able to separate content from design so that HTML could perform more of the function that it was originally for without worry about the design and layout.

49. A teacher wants to share a lesson plan with members of a Personal Learning Network (PLN). Which of the following is the most effective way to give the PLN members access to the lesson plan?

Saving the lesson plan as a PDF file and uploading it to a blog
Saving the lesson plan as a DOC file and sending it via e-mail
Saving the lesson plan as a GIF file and uploading it to a flash drive
Saving the lesson plan as a JPEG file and printing it out for the group

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option A is correct because a PDF is the easiest file format to share, and almost every computer reads PDF files. Option B is incorrect because people may not have the right version of Word to open the DOC file, and e-mailing the file is not the most efficient way to share it. Option C is incorrect because GIFs are graphic files; in addition, saving a file on a flash drive won't give access to others online. Option D is incorrect because JPEGs are graphic files; in addition, printing a file out is not an efficient way to share it with others.

50. Which of the following is the best strategy for protecting an individual's online image?

Checking security settings for social networking sites
Limiting online purchases and online posts
Considering possible consequences before posting online
Separating personal profiles from professional profiles

Enter to expand or collapse answer.Answer expanded: Option C is correct because doing so gives individuals an opportunity to consider consequences of actions that could result in permanent damage of their reputation. Option A is incorrect because security settings do not necessarily prevent others from reposting damaging photos and comments. Option B is incorrect because limiting online posts will not prevent damage caused by the online actions that upon consideration probably should not have been made. Option D is incorrect because separating personal and professional profiles does not prevent damaging actions to become public.

Section 4: Sample Selected-Response Questions Technology Applications EC–12 (242)