Section 2: How to Prepare for the Exams

This section of the preparation manual provides information to help you prepare to take the TExES exams.

Learn What the Exam Covers

You may have heard that there are several different versions of the same exam. It's true. You may take one version of the exam and your friend may take a different version. Each exam has different questions covering the same subject area, but both versions of the exam measure the same skills and content knowledge.

You'll find specific information on the exam you're taking in the Overview and Exam Framework section of the preparation manual, which outlines the content areas that the exam measures and what percentage of the exam covers each area.

Begin by reviewing the preparation manual for your exam in its entirety, paying particular attention to the content specifications. The content specifications detail the knowledge and skills to be measured on the exam. The Educator Standards section of the prep manual lists the standards necessary for a teacher of that subject.

Once you have reviewed the preparation manual and the standards, you can create your own personalized study plan and schedule based on your individual needs and how much time you have before exam day. Be sure to also seek other resources to strengthen your content knowledge.

Keep in mind that study habits are individual. There are many different ways to successfully prepare for your exam. Some people study better on their own, while others prefer a group setting. You may have more energy early in the day, but another test taker may concentrate better in the evening. Use this guide to develop the approach that works best for you.

Assess How Well You Know the Content

Use your review of the competencies to focus your study time on those areas containing knowledge and skills with which you are less familiar. You should leave yourself time to review the content of all domains and competencies, both the familiar and the less familiar ones, but the focus of your preparation time and priority in your studying should be placed upon those areas about which you are least confident.

Think carefully about how well you know each area; research shows that test takers tend to overestimate their preparedness. People often glance at the specifications, or at the exam questions (with "a peek" at the answers at the same time), and think that they know the content of the exam. This is why some test takers assume they did well and then are surprised to find out they did not pass.

The exams are demanding enough to require serious review. The longer you've been away from the content the more preparation you will most likely need. If it has been longer than a few months since you've studied your content area, make a concerted effort to prepare. You have everything to gain and nothing to lose from such an approach.

Familiarize Yourself with the Different Types of Exam Questions

The TExES exams include several types of exam questions, which can be broken into two categories: selected response (multiple choice) and constructed response (for which you write or record a response of your own that is scored by trained raters based on scoring guidelines). You may be familiar with these question formats from taking other standardized tests. If not, familiarize yourself with them so you don't spend time during the exam figuring out how to answer them.

How to Approach Unfamiliar Question Formats

Some questions include introductory information such as a table, graph, or reading passage (often called a stimulus) that provides the information the question asks for. New formats for presenting information are developed from time to time. Exams may include audio and video stimulus materials, such as a movie clip or some kind of animation, instead of a map or reading passage.

Exams may also include interactive types of questions. These questions take advantage of technology to assess knowledge and skills that go beyond what can be assessed using standard single-selection selected-response questions. If you see a format you are not familiar with, read the directions carefully. The directions always give clear instructions on how you are expected to respond.

For most questions, you will respond by clicking an oval to choose a single answer choice from a list of options. Other questions may ask you to respond by:

Remember that with every question, you will get clear instructions on how to respond.

Approaches to Answering Selected-Response Questions

The information below describes some selected-response question formats that you will typically see on TExES exams and suggests possible ways to approach thinking about and answering them. These approaches are intended to supplement and complement familiar test-taking strategies with which you may already be comfortable and that work for you. Fundamentally, the most important component in ensuring your success is familiarity with the content that is covered on the exam. This content has been carefully selected to align with the knowledge required to begin a career as a teacher in the state of Texas.

The questions on each exam are designed to assess your knowledge of the content described in the competencies of each exam. In most cases, you are expected to demonstrate more than just your ability to recall factual information. You may be asked to think critically about the information, to analyze it, to compare it with other knowledge you have, or to make a judgment about it.

Be sure to read the directions carefully to ensure that you know what is required for each exam question. Leave no questions unanswered. Your score will be determined by the number of questions you answer correctly.

Question Types

You may see the following types of selected-response questions on the exam:

  • Single Questions
  • Clustered Questions

Below you will find descriptions of these commonly used question formats, along with suggested approaches for responding to each type.

Single Questions

The single-question format presents a direct question or an incomplete statement. It can also include a reading passage, movie clip, graphic, table, or a combination of these.

Example

The following question is an example of the single-question format. It tests knowledge of Educational Diagnostician Competency 002 (Evaluation, Planning, Selection, and Administration): Apply knowledge of the functions and principles of assessment, assessments used to make educational and instructional decisions about students, and procedures and considerations in selecting and administering appropriate formal and informal assessments for individual students.

An Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) team includes criterion-referenced assessment scores as a component of a student's evaluation. For which of the following purposes is this type of assessment most typically used?

  1. obtaining summative data from the student derived from a self-evaluation checklist
  2. measuring the student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria
  3. gaining information about how a student scores compared with grade-level peers
  4. illustrating the student's academic growth over time through a collection of work samples
Suggested Approach

Read the question carefully and critically. Think about what it is asking and the situation it is describing. Eliminate any obviously wrong answers, select the correct answer choice, and mark your answer.

As you read the question, think about types of assessments that educational diagnosticians use when evaluating students, and think specifically about the use of criterion-referenced assessments. The question requires understanding of the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. Next, look at the response options and consider which of them describes the best source of data for this goal.

Option A suggests that obtaining summative data from the student derived from a self-evaluation checklist could be considered the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. This type of summative assessment provides information about how the student believes they are progressing, but it is data obtained from the point of view of the student and does not compare the student objectively to specific predetermined learning standards or criteria. Therefore, option A can be eliminated as the correct response to this question.

Option B suggests that measuring the student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria could be considered the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. Criterion-referenced assessments are used to reference a student's performance to grade-level learning standards, rather than to the performance of other students. An Admission, Review, and Dismissal (ARD) committee could most effectively use criterion-referenced assessment data to compare a student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria, such as tests assessing a student's knowledge or progress towards grade-level learning standards.

Option C suggests that gaining information about how a student's scores compared with grade-level peers could be considered the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. Assessments that compare students with grade-level peers instead of to grade-level standards are norm-referenced assessments, not criterion-referenced assessments. Therefore, option C can be eliminated as the correct response to this question.

Option D suggests that illustrating the student's academic growth over time through a collection of work samples could be considered the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. This type of assessment describes informal assessment measures or a portfolio type of assessment. Reviewing a collection of the student's work samples does not provide specific measurable data to compare the student's progress to predetermined learning standards or criteria. Therefore, option D can be eliminated as the correct response to this question.

Of the options offered, only measuring the student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria could be considered the purpose for which a criterion-referenced assessment is most typically used. Therefore, the correct response is option B.

Clustered Questions

Clustered questions are made up of a stimulus and two or more questions relating to the stimulus. The stimulus material can be a reading passage, graphic, table, or any other information necessary to answer the questions that follow.

You can use several different approaches to respond to clustered questions. Some commonly used strategies are listed below.

Strategy 1 Skim the stimulus material to understand its purpose, its arrangement, and/or its content. Then read the questions and refer again to the stimulus material to obtain the specific information you need to answer the questions.
Strategy 2 Read the questions before considering the stimulus material. The theory behind this strategy is that the content of the questions will help you identify the purpose of the stimulus material and locate the information you need to answer the questions.
Strategy 3 Use a combination of both strategies. Apply the "read the stimulus first" strategy with shorter, more familiar stimuli and the "read the questions first" strategy with longer, more complex or less familiar stimuli. You can experiment with the sample questions in the preparation manuals and then use the strategy with which you are most comfortable when you take the actual exam.

Whether you read the stimulus before or after you read the questions, you should read it carefully and critically. You may want to note its important points to help you answer the questions.

As you consider questions set in educational contexts, try to enter into the identified teacher's frame of mind and use that teacher's point of view to answer the questions that accompany the stimulus. Be sure to consider the questions only in terms of the information provided in the stimulus — not in terms of your own experiences or individuals you may have known.

Example

First read the stimulus (statements describing a student, support the student is receiving, and recommendations to address the student's needs).

Use the information below to answer the two questions that follow.

An eight-year-old student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attends a second-grade general education class with support from a special education teacher for part of the school day. The educational diagnostician has conducted a variety of assessments with the student in preparation for the student's upcoming three-year reevaluation. In collaboration with the special education teacher, the educational diagnostician will recommend a context-based, student-directed behavioral support system to address the student's needs.

Now you are prepared to respond to the first of the two questions associated with this stimulus. The first question tests Educational Diagnostician Competency 005 (Functional Skill Instruction and Strategies): Understand the use of appropriate assessment, evaluation, planning, and instructional strategies for developing students' social, behavioral, communication, and adaptive skills.

1. Which of the following statements best describes a primary rationale for this intervention approach?

  1. Targeting critical areas of the student's development, such as self-management, can produce broad improvements in other skill areas.
  2. Requiring the student to develop communication strategies will resolve the function of the student's challenging behaviors.
  3. Reinforcing alternative behaviors with the student will eliminate interfering self-stimulatory behaviors, such as hand-flapping and rocking.
  4. Using general instruction methods with the student promotes academic progress and provides multiple means for the student to access curricular content.
Suggested Approach

As you read the question, think about the intervention approach that is being recommended, specifically for this student in this situation. The question requires an analysis of the recommended intervention approach for this student, and asks you to identify a primary rationale for recommending this approach. Next, look at the response options and consider which of them describes a primary rationale for this purpose.

Option A suggests that targeting critical areas of the student's development, such as self-management, to produce broad improvements in other skill areas would be a primary rationale for this intervention approach. In a student-directed approach, the learning environment enables the student to create meaning from their interactions with peers, experiences, and academic content. A context-based approach means that the approach will be directly relevant to experiences the student has naturally, and therefore will be able to apply to the student's daily life. A behavioral approach involves the student learning from antecedents (stimuli that cause behaviors) and consequences (responses that follow behaviors). A context-based, student-directed behavioral approach will lead to broad improvements in the student's behavior.

Option B suggests that requiring the student to develop communication strategies to resolve the function of the student's challenging behaviors would be a primary rationale for this intervention approach. Although developing communication strategies is an important component of supporting a student's participation in a general education classroom, it is not clear from the stimulus of the item that an approach that is student-directed would include communication strategies. Requiring the student to develop communication strategies would be more of a teacher-directed approach. Therefore, option B can be eliminated as the correct response to the question.

Option C suggests that reinforcing alternative behaviors with the student to eliminate interfering self-stimulatory behaviors, such as hand-flapping and rocking would be a primary rationale for this intervention approach. Although self-stimulatory behaviors commonly occur in many students who have autism spectrum disorder, it is not clear from the stimulus of the item that the student participates in self-stimulatory behaviors. Reinforcing alternative behaviors would not be useful for a student who did not need them, and would also not be a student-directed approach. Therefore, option C can be eliminated as the correct response to the question.

Option D suggests that using general instruction methods with the student to promote academic progress and provide multiple means for the student to access curricular content would be a primary rationale for this intervention approach. General instruction methods for academic progress and providing multiple means of access to academic content would be a beneficial approach for academic support for many students with autism spectrum disorder. It is not clear from the stimulus of this item if the student is one who would benefit from this type of academic approach or if the student will require a more individualized approach. This approach is also not student-directed, nor does it describe a behavioral support system. Therefore, option D can be eliminated as the correct response to the question.

Of the options offered, only targeting critical areas of the student's development, such as self-management to produce broad improvements in other skill areas would be considered a primary rationale for this intervention approach. Therefore, the correct response is option A.

Now you are ready to answer the second question. The second question tests Educational Diagnostician Competency 006 (Consultation and Collaboration): Understand strategies and approaches for effective consultation and development of collaborative relationships with students, parents/guardians, school personnel, and other professionals and apply skills for scheduling and management of timelines and reporting requirements.

2. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in enhancing parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child?

  1. providing parents/guardians with current journals and other research to review regarding the effectiveness of the intervention
  2. designing record forms that parents/guardians can use to record their child's progress
  3. arranging for parents/guardians to observe and learn the teaching of skills in an educational setting
  4. discussing with parents/guardians a variety of daily activities in which their child can practice skills related to the intervention
Suggested Approach

As you read the question, think about effective strategies for promoting collaborative relationships with parents/guardians of students with whom you work. The question requires an analysis of communication strategies and specifically asks how to enhance parents/guardians involvement with a specific intervention for their child. Next, look at the response options and consider which of them describes a way to integrate both communication with parents/guardians and appropriate information about their child's intervention.

Option A suggests that providing parents/guardians with current journals and other research to review regarding the effectiveness of the intervention would be the most effective strategy to enhance parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child. Although providing parents/guardians with current journals and other research could extend their knowledge about the intervention and about current information about their child's strengths and needs, it is a broad approach that does not directly address their child and the intervention for their child. Journals and research provide a vast source of proven and evidence-based research for a specific intervention or strategy to use with students, but they will not support these specific parents/guardians with their child's individual intervention. Not all parents/guardians will have the time or the interest to read journals or research and determine how to apply the findings described in these sources to their child. Therefore, option A can be eliminated as the most effective strategy for this purpose. 

Option B suggests that designing record forms that parents/guardians can use to record their child's progress would be the most effective strategy to enhance parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child. Record forms can be beneficial for a trained educational diagnostician or other professional to use when applying interventions with students. This type of document can be useful in collecting data and anecdotal notes in an organized manner. However, the educational diagnostician cannot be sure that parents/guardians, who have not been trained in the importance of or the use of collecting data, will be able to use these tools effectively. Therefore, option B can be eliminated as the most effective strategy for this purpose.

Option C suggests that arranging for parents/guardians to observe and learn the teaching of skills in an educational setting would be the most effective strategy to enhance parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child. Learning to observe and teach skills to students in an educational setting is an ideal strategy for teachers who will be working with students. For this purpose, it is important for teachers to become accustomed to applying interventions and teaching skills to students in the environment in which they will be working. However, parents/guardians will not be working with their child in an educational setting. A home setting is typically much different from a school setting, and what works at school may not work at home, due to availability of materials, external distractions, different schedules, and other such factors. Therefore, option C can be eliminated as the most effective strategy for this purpose.

Option D suggests that discussing with parents/guardians a variety of daily activities in which their child can practice skills related to the intervention would be the most effective strategy to enhance parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child. By talking with parents/guardians about daily activities they can do with their child to support the child's intervention, the educational diagnostician is making what could be interpreted as an abstract responsibility into something that is more concrete, relatable, and potentially enjoyable. By understanding that each family has different daily activities, the educational diagnostician can learn more about a specific family's schedule, interests, and needs, and support the parents/guardians in finding ways to make the intervention applicable to their lives by integrating it into daily activities appropriate for their family and child.

Of the options offered, only discussing with parents/guardians a variety of daily activities in which their child can practice skills related to the intervention could be considered most effective to enhance parents'/guardians' involvement in applying this intervention with their child. Therefore, the correct response is option D.

Preparing for the Constructed-Response Question

When preparing for the examination's constructed-response question, read the sample question and scoring rubric carefully (both are available in Section 5 of this preparation manual). You may wish to draft a response to the sample question by reading the question and planning, writing, and revising your essay.

Please note that, on the actual examination, you will be scored only on the response that you type on the computer. Also, because you may not use any reference materials during the exam, it is recommended that you refrain from using a dictionary, a thesaurus, or textbooks while writing your practice response.

Once you have written your practice response, reread the scoring rubric, and then read the sample responses. Rationales that explain how the responses characterize the score point description are provided for each response. After you have read through these materials, review your own response in light of the score point descriptions. You may also wish to review your response and the score scale with staff in your educator preparation program.

Gather Study Materials

For all content areas, think about where you might be able to obtain materials for review:

Do you know a teacher or professor who can help you organize your study? Would a study group suit you and help you maintain momentum? People have different study methods that work for them — use whatever you know that works for you.

Preparation manuals are available for all Texas educator certification program exams. Each prep manual provides a combination of exam preparation and practice, including sample questions and answers with explanations. You can also find informational tutorials and interactive practice exams for some fields.

Plan and Organize Your Time

You can begin to plan and organize your time while you are still collecting materials. Allow yourself plenty of review time to avoid cramming new material at the end. Here are a few tips:

Develop Your Study Plan

A study plan provides a roadmap to prepare for the exams. It can help you understand what skills and knowledge are covered on the exam and where to focus your attention. A study plan worksheet is available on the Texas Educator Certification Examination Program website. You can use this worksheet to:

  1. Define Content Areas: List the most important content areas for your exam as defined in the preparation manual.
  2. Determine Strengths and Weaknesses: Identify where you have thorough understanding and where you need additional study in each content area.
  3. Identify Resources: Identify the books, courses, and other resources you plan to use to study for each content area.
  4. Study: Create and commit to a schedule that provides for regular study periods.

Practice

Exams with constructed-response questions assess your ability to explain material effectively. As a teacher, you'll need to be able to explain concepts and processes to students in a clear, understandable way. What are the major concepts you will be required to teach? Can you explain them in your own words accurately, completely, and clearly? Practice explaining these concepts to test your ability to effectively explain what you know.

Using Study Materials as Part of a Study Group

People who have a lot of studying to do sometimes find it helpful to form a study group with others who are working toward the same goal. Study groups give members opportunities to ask questions and get detailed answers. In a group, some members usually have a better understanding of certain topics, while others in the group may be better at other topics. As members take turns explaining concepts to each other, everyone builds self-confidence.

If the group encounters a question that none of the members can answer well, the group can go to a teacher or other expert and get answers efficiently. Because study groups schedule regular meetings, members study in a more disciplined fashion. They also gain emotional support. The group should be large enough so that various people can contribute various kinds of knowledge, but small enough so that it stays focused. Often, three to six members is a good size.

Here are some ways to use the preparation manual as part of a study group:

Then plan one or more study sessions based on aspects of the questions on which group members did not perform well. For example, each group member might be responsible for rewriting one paragraph of a response in which someone else did an inadequate job.

Whether you decide to study alone or with a group, remember that the best way to prepare is to have an organized plan. The plan you follow should set goals based on specific topics and skills that you need to learn, and it should commit you to a realistic set of deadlines for meeting these goals. Then you need to discipline yourself to stick with your plan and accomplish your goals on schedule.

Smart Tips for Success

Learn from the experts. Take advantage of these answers to questions you may have and practical tips to help you navigate the exam and make the best use of your time.

Should I guess?

Yes. Your score is based on the number of questions you answer correctly, with no penalty or subtraction for an incorrect answer. When you don't know the answer to a question, try to eliminate any obviously wrong answers and then guess at the correct one. Try to pace yourself so that you have enough time to carefully consider every question.

Are there trick questions on the exam?

No. There are no hidden meanings or trick wording. All of the questions on the exam ask about subject matter knowledge in a straightforward manner.

Are there answer patterns on the exam?

No. You might have heard this myth: The answers on selected-response exams follow patterns. Another myth is that there will never be more than two questions with the same lettered answer following each other. Neither myth is true. Select the answer you think is correct based on your knowledge of the subject.

Can I write on the erasable sheet(s) I am given?

Yes. You can work out problems or make notes to yourself on the erasable sheet(s) provided to you by the test administrator. You may use your notes in any way that is useful to you, but be sure to enter your final answers on the computer. No credit is given for anything written on the erasable sheet(s).

Tips for Taking the Exam

  1. Skip the questions you find extremely difficult. Rather than trying to answer these on your first pass through the exam, leave them blank and mark them. Pay attention to the time as you answer the rest of the questions on the exam, and try to finish with 10 or 15 minutes remaining so that you can go back over the questions you left blank. Even if you don't know the answer the second time you read the questions, see if you can narrow down the possible answers and then guess.
  2. Keep track of the time. Keep an eye on the timer, and be aware of how much time you have left to complete your exam. You will probably have plenty of time to answer all of the questions, but if you find yourself becoming stuck on one question, you might decide to move on and return to that question later.
  3. Read all of the possible answers before selecting one. Then, reread the question to be sure the answer you have selected really answers the question. Remember, a question that contains a phrase such as "Which of the following does NOT ..." is asking for the one answer that is NOT a correct statement or conclusion.
  4. Check your answers. If you have extra time left over at the end of the exam, look over each question and make sure that you have answered it as you intended. Many test takers make careless mistakes that they could have corrected if they had checked their answers.
  5. Don't worry about your score when you are taking the exam. No one is expected to answer all of the questions correctly. Your score on this exam is not analogous to your score on other similar-looking (but in fact very different!) exams. It doesn't matter on the exams whether you score very high or barely pass. If you meet the minimum passing scores along with any other requirements for obtaining teaching certification, you will receive a license. In other words, what matters is meeting the minimum passing score.
  6. Use your energy to take the exam, not to get angry at it. Getting angry at the exam only increases stress and decreases the likelihood that you will do your best. Highly qualified educators and exam development professionals, all with backgrounds in teaching and educational leadership, worked diligently to make the exam a fair and valid measure of your knowledge and skills. The best thing to do is concentrate on answering the questions.

Do Your Best on Exam Day

You followed your study plan. You are ready for the exam. Now it's time to prepare for exam day.

Plan to end your review a day or two before the actual exam date so you avoid cramming. Take a dry run to the test center so you're sure of the route, traffic conditions, and parking. Most of all, you want to eliminate any unexpected factors that could distract you from your ultimate goal — passing the exam!

On the day of the exam, you should:

You cannot control the testing situation, but you can control yourself. Stay calm. The supervisors are well trained and make every effort to provide uniform testing conditions. You can think of preparing for this exam as training for an athletic event. Once you have trained, prepared, and rested, give it your best effort...and good luck!

Are You Ready?

Review this list to determine if you're ready to take your exam.

If you answered "yes" to the questions above, your preparation has paid off. Now take the exam, do your best, pass it — and begin your teaching career!


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